Adler was the second child younger than 6 and sister. He has a brother named Sigmund. Since small, Adler often compared with his eldest brother abiliti. Adler feel jealous of his brother who sentiasa proud of the achievements. Moreover, Adler was unable to actively strives sepertimana brother, Sigmund because he had been diagnosed with the disease menghidap Pneumonia when the new 5-year-old. Sadly, doctors also endorsed Adler disease is chronic and difficult to treat.According to Adler, is always a problem in social life. The healthy function of not only the love and work, but feel togetherness with others and care for their kesehjateraan. Some important principles in the theory of Adler is as follows:A. Everyone is striving to achieve personal superiority or competence2. Each person develops a plan of life and lifestyle are partly planned and partly made aware or not aware.a. One's lifestyle indicates a consistent approach in many situations.b. The plan was developed based on the selection of a person's life and lead a person to strive for goals achieved3. The quality of a healthy personality is the capacity to achieve a "fellow feeling" or Gemeinschaftgefuhli, which focus on kesehjateraan others. Adler menyebunya social interests.4. Ego is part of the creative spirit. Create a new reality through a process set goals and take on an outcome, called the fictional goals.Inferioriy and SuperiorityHumans are motivated by a lack of motivation, namely to overcome feelings of inferiority and superiority. Thus our behavior is explained by the purpose and will ekspentasi future. Inferiority is to feel weak and do not have the skills to face the task or situation to be resolved. That does not mean inferior to others in a general sense, although there is an element of self with the ability to compare the ability of other people who are more mature and experienced. While the superiority is not better than others, but on an ongoing basis to try to get better, to be closer to the ideal one.Some special circumstances such as spoiled and rejected, may be able to make a person develop inferiority complex or superiority complex. The two complexes are closely related. Superiority complex always hide or inferior form of compensation. While the superior feeling of inferiority complex hiding. Adler believes that the main motive for every person is to be strong, competent, and creative achievement.Social InterestSocial interest is a concern for other people kesehjateraan sustained throughout life to guide one's behavior. Although born of social interests, but according to Adler is too weak or small to grow by itself. Therefore it becomes the task of mother, who became the first in a child's experience, to develop that potential. If the mother can not help the child to expand his social interest, then the child will likely not have a readiness when faced with problems in their social environment.Social interest in allowing a person to strive to achieve superior in a healthy manner and lack of social interest can lead to maladaptive functions. All failures such as neurotic, psychotic, drunkards, children and other problems caused by lack of social interests they address the issues of work, friendship and sex without having confidence that it can be solved by cooperation. Meaning given in the lives of more personal value. No other people who benefit from the achievement of their goals. The purpose is to feel the superiority of personal success and the only means for themselves. as a healthy human, then at the same time he will strive to achieve superior by helping others achieve their goals.Style of LifeThrough the concept of lifestyle, Adler explains the uniqueness of human beings. Every human being has a purpose, a feeling of inferiority, striving to be superior and can be colored or not colored the pursuit of superiority with social interests. However, every man to do it in a different way. Lifestyle is a unique way of each person in achieving specific goals that have been specified in a particular environment, where people are located. Lifestyle based on a person's meaning of life or give a unique interpretation of one of inferiority, everyone would set their lives transform and reach their ultimate goal and strive to achieve this.
Lifestyles are formed at the age of 4-5 years and not only determined by the intrinsic ability (heredity) and environmental objectives, but rather shaped by the perceptions and interpretations of both. A child is not looking at a situation as such, but rather influenced by prejudice and passion himself.Adler's Typology of PersonalityAdler developed a theory of personality types Based on the degree of social interest and activity one has, the most important thing for Adler is not how people cope with feelings of inferiority, but rather the extent of a person developing a lifestyle that is constructive than destructive. The extent of empathy and social interests of each type.Capacity for empathy is important in life.Here are 4 types on the basis of this typology:A. The Rulling-dominant Type: assertive, aggressive active fdan. He manipulates and deal with life situations and people in it, but combined a high level of activity of social interest primarily to a minimum. Activities carried out can lead to antisocial behavior.2. The Getting-Leaning Type: expect others to make ends meet and support his interest, dependent on others. Is a combination of low social interest and activity levels are low.3. The Avoidant Type: pull out of the problem. Faced with an assignment by way of avoidance. Have a low interest sosail and activity levels are very low.4. The Society Useful Type: This is the healthiest type. Have a realistic assessment of the problems encountered. Has a social orientation, and work with others to confront the task of life. Tingat is a combination of social activity and interest is high.Neurotic Safeguarding StrategiesAll the neurotic create security over self-esteem, such as defense mechanism according to Freud. Security is a protection against self or ego from outside influence, usually interpersonal, threat. There are three protection strategies, namely:A. Excuses or rationalization strategySomeone tried to free himself from the demands of public life by emphasizing the neurotic symptom, neurotic symptoms is used as an excuse to escape from the demands of life that does not show you the best. A person feels safe because of the freedom to not do the best of which is less demanding on the development of self.2. Aggresive Strategiesa. Depreciation: the tendency degrading others so that the person does not appear superior as a threat, has favored self-assessment in conjunction with others. Strategies to achieve superior by making others feel inferior.b. Accusation: unconscious feelings of blaming others for feelings of inferiority and frustration experienced. Lead to direct expression of angerc. Self-accusation: blame themselves for misfortunes suffered. This was done in a way that can attract attention, sympathy or assistance from others.3. Distancing StrategiesProtect themselves by limiting the price of involvement in the life and avoid the challenges that allow the risk of failure.a. Moving backward: the fundamental conflict in which a person wants success and avoid failure. In the end the person is motivated to do nothing or return to the stage of development which reflects the lack of anxiety.b. Standing Still: one does not do anything in a more dramatic extent. He refused to allow the responsibility for the evaluation.Protect themselves from failure by not doing anything.c. Hesitation: it does not create difficulties in self-conscious and also created a way to handle it so it does not become neurotic symptoms. Buy time so that problems do not need to deal with.d. Construction of obstacles: the form of an exception because one sees the problems that may prevent it to show a greater effort so as to protect her dignity.Faulty Life-stylesMaladaptive lifestyle which is the result of three conditions, namely a physical disability, pampered lifestyle and way of life is ignored.Children with physical disabilities tend to have the feeling inadequate in meeting the duties of his life. Understanding of the parents can help children to develop the strength to compensate for that weakness. Spoiled children who fail to develop social interests and fulfill social expectations. He has a need to receive without giving, the child will be little or not do something for others and to manipulate others to satisfy their needs remedy. While the children are neglected can become enemies in the neighborhood and is dominated by the need for revenge.Typical studies of Adler Birth OrderIn line with Adler's attention to the social determinants of personality, he observed that the personality of the firstborn, middle child and youngest son in a family will be different.A. Children FirstAccording to Adler, the first child has a unique position, namely as the only child at a time, and then experienced a shift in status when the second child was born. The first child to get attention initially intact until the fall when his brother was born. These events changed the situation and outlook of the world's first child. When the first child older than 3 years old or more when it has a younger brother, then it will usually feel the hostility and hatred toward his brother.2. Middle ChildCharacteristic of the middle child is ambitious. He was always trying to exceed his brother and tend to rebel or jealousy. But in general it can adapt better.3. Youngest ChildYoungest child is a spoiled child. Just as the eldest child, chances are it will be problem children and adults who become neurotic and unable to adjust.4. Second ChildThe nature of these children are more aggressive compared with selalunya sulong children. He always assisted in many cases and there sentiasa backer behind the same glory-no mother, father or sister or brother. He also had a higher competitiveness and often berlumba dolphins to become a better brother-beradiknya daipada others. The second child may be a self-willed or cuba seen menyerlah than anyone else in any case.5. TwinsOne of the twins than it would be more aggressive, intelligent, and active. Thus, their parents tend to see one of them than is the older brother or brother to the other one. Twins may experience problems identiti uncertainty. Twin pairs are more menyerlah will become chairman and a model for the weaker partner and passive.
Sources: Hall, Calvin S. & Gardner Lindzey. (! 985). Intoduction to Theories of Personality. New York: John Wiley and Sons Inc.
Sources: Hall, Calvin S. & Gardner Lindzey. (! 985). Intoduction to Theories of Personality. New York: John Wiley and Sons Inc.
psychology is sometimes not considered a solid science ..its just based on social observations .......no scientific proof many times